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Accessed (In Turkish)Īartsma-Rus A, van Putten M (2014) Assessing functional performance in the mdx mouse model. Satman İ, Güdük Ö, Ertürk MYN, Nadir Hastalıklar Raporu NH. Zelikovich AS, Quattrocelli M, Salamone IM, Kuntz NL, McNally EM (2019) Moderate exercise improves function and increases adiponectin in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy. In addition, it was determined that only LLLT application increased the level of skeletal muscle irisin. When LLLT was applied in addition to exercise, muscle strength, skeletal muscle utrophin levels increased, and skeletal and diaphragmatic muscle degeneration and inflammation decreased. It was determined that the application of swimming exercise in the mdx mouse model increased the irisin level in the skeletal muscle, while reducing the OSI, degeneration in the heart muscle, inflammation and cardiopathy. In addition, in the ExL group, an increase in rotarod and utrophin levels, and a decrease in muscle and diaphragm muscle histopathological scores were observed ( p < 0.05). While only irisin levels were increased in group SL compared to SC, it was determined that OSI, heart muscle histopathological scores decreased and irisin levels increased in both exercise groups ( p < 0.05). Skeletal, diaphragmatic and cardiac muscle histopathological scores, skeletal and cardiac muscle myocyte diameters were determined under the light and electron microscope. After 8 weeks of swimming exercise, muscle tests, biochemically oxidative stress index (OSI), utrophin and irisin levels were measured. Groups sedentary and placebo LLLT (SC), sedentary and LLLT (SL), 30-min swimming exercise (Ex), and 30-min swimming exercise and LLLT (ExL). In our study, 20 mdx mice were divided into four groups. This study aimed to investigate how the combined use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and exercise, to reduce the possible side effects and/or increase the benefits of exercise, would affect oxidative stress, utrophin, irisin peptide, and skeletal, diaphragmatic, and cardiac muscle pathologies.